ICOs on non-blockchain technologies

With all the commotion centered around blockchain technologies, there were some interesting non-blockchain technologies that came to light. IOTA and Hedera hashgraph are some examples.

IOTA

IOTA describes its technology as a brand new and novel micro-transaction cryptotoken optimized for the Internet-of-Things (http://iotatoken.io/iota.html). IOTA's approach is that instead of collecting all the transactions in a network and forming a group or a "block" of transactions, and linking them together to form a chain, all the transactions individually link to two other transactions to form this mess or tangle of transactions.

IOTA is the 9th letter of the Greek alphabet and means a small or tiny amount. As an acronym, IOT represents the Internet of Things. The A could mean anything from architecture to array or application.

Now, because IOT devices are due to explode into the billions, around low-powered sensor devices for machine-to-machine...