ICS attacks
Traditional ICSs were developed with the aim of providing dependability, durability, economic efficiency, and safe operations. The increasing implementation and digitalization of control systems, coupled with integration between vertical and horizontal systems – such as IT, telecom, and the cloud – has enabled the establishment of cyber interdependencies, which have become a source of unintended exposures and weaknesses, often difficult to anticipate.
The introduction of a number of new technologies has improved efficiencies, yet at the same time also raised concerns regarding the vulnerability of plants to both random cyber failures and security infringements. As a result, physical processes and equipment have become open to exploitation. Understanding the implications of this class of cyber attack, in terms of an attacker’s ability to cause physical damage, is invaluable when it comes to grasping how to execute a successful cyber-physical attack...
