Common vulnerabilities
With network protocols, we refer to protocols in the OSI Layers 2-7. In the following diagram, you can find a reminder of the OSI reference model and its functionality:
These are the details of the OSI reference model:
- Layer 1, the physical layer, is responsible for the physical connectivity, such as cables, connectors, and frequencies, in wireless and cellular networks.
- Layer 2, the data link layer, is responsible for the connectivity between directly attached network elements. Ethernet is the main protocol in landline networks.
- Layer 3, the network layer, is the layer that is responsible for carrying the information from end to end. IP is the only protocol in this layer.
- Layer 4, the transport layer, is the layer that is responsible for connecting end processes. TCP and UDP are the main protocols in this layer and, in recent years, Quick UDP Internet Connections (QUIC)...