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Hands-On Reactive Programming in Spring 5
Hands-On Reactive Programming in Spring 5

Hands-On Reactive Programming in Spring 5: Build cloud-ready, reactive systems with Spring 5 and Project Reactor

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Hands-On Reactive Programming in Spring 5

Reactive Programming in Spring - Basic Concepts

The previous chapter explained why it is important to build reactive systems and how reactive programming helps to do this. In this section, we will look at some toolsets that have already been present in Spring Framework for some time. We will also learn the important basic concepts of reactive programming by exploring the RxJava library, which is the first and most well-known reactive library in the Java world.

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

  • Observer pattern
  • Publish-Subscribe implementation provided by Spring
  • Server-sent events
  • RxJava history and base concepts
  • Marble diagrams
  • Business cases implemented by applying reactive programming
  • The current landscape of reactive libraries

Early reactive solutions in Spring

We have previously mentioned that there are a lot of patterns and programming techniques that are capable of becoming building blocks for the reactive system. For example, callbacks and CompletableFuture are commonly used to implement the message-driven architecture. We also mentioned reactive programming as a prominent candidate for such a role. Before we explore this in more detail, we need to look around and find other solutions that we have already been using for years.

In Chapter 1, Why Reactive Spring?, we saw that Spring 4.x introduced the ListenableFuture class, which extends the Java Future and makes it possible to leverage the asynchronous execution of operations such as HTTP requests. Unfortunately, only a handful of Spring 4.x components support the newer Java 8 CompletableFuture, which introduces some neat methods for asynchronous...

RxJava as a reactive framework

For some time, there was a standard library for reactive programming on Java platforms—namely RxJava 1.x (see https://github.com/ReactiveX/RxJava for more details). That library paved the way for reactive programming as we know it in the Java world today. At the moment, it is not the only library of this kind; we also have Akka Streams and Project Reactor. The latter is covered in detail in Chapter 4, Project Reactor - the Foundation for Reactive Apps. So, currently, we have a few options from which we may choose. Furthermore, RxJava itself has changed a lot with the release of version 2.x. However, to understand the most basic concepts of reactive programming and the reasoning behind them, we will be focusing on the most fundamental part of the RxJava only, on the API, which has...

Brief history of reactive libraries

Now that we are acquainted with RxJava and have even written a few reactive workflows, let's look at its history to recognize the context in which reactive programming was born and the problems it was designed to solve.

Curiously, the RxJava history and the history of reactive programming as we know it today began inside of Microsoft. In 2005, Erik Meijer and his Cloud Programmability Team were experimenting with programming models appropriate for building large-scale asynchronous and data-intensive internet service architectures. After some years of experimenting, the first version of the Rx library was born in the summer of 2007. An additional two years were devoted to different aspects of the library, including multithreading and cooperative re-scheduling. The first public version of Rx.NET was shipped on November 18, 2009. Later...

Reactive landscape

In the previous sections, we learned how to use pure RxJava and how to combine it with Spring Web MVC. To demonstrate the benefits of this, we have updated our temperature-monitoring application and improved the design by applying RxJava. However, it is worth noting that Spring Framework and RxJava is not the only valid combination. A lot of application servers also value the power of the reactive approach. As such authors of a successful reactive server called Ratpack decided to adopt RxJava as well.

Along with callbacks and a promise-based API, Ratpack provides RxRatpack, a separate module that allows to convert Ratpack Promise to RxJava Observable easily, and vice versa, as shown in the following code:

Promise<String> promise = get(() -> "hello world");
RxRatpack
.observe(promise)
.map(String::toUpperCase)
.subscribe...

Summary

In this chapter, we have revisited a few well-known design patterns by GoF—including Observer, Publish-Subscribe, and Iterator to build the basis of reactive programming. We have written a few implementations to review both the strong and weak sides of the instruments we already have for asynchronous programming. We have also leveraged Spring Framework support for Server-Sent Events, WebSockets, and also played with Event-Bus provided by Spring. Also, we have used Spring Boot and start.spring.io for fast application bootstrapping. Even though our examples were pretty simple, they demonstrated the potential issues that arise from immature approaches that are used for asynchronous data processing.

We also looked at reactive programming's history to highlight architectural problems, which reactive programming was invented to fight against. In this context...

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Key benefits

  • Understand the kind of system modern businesses require with Spring
  • Gain deeper insights into reactive programming with Reactor and Spring Cloud
  • Get in-depth knowledge on asynchronous and nonblocking communication with Spring 5 WebFlux

Description

These days, businesses need a new type of system that can remain responsive at all times. This is achievable with reactive programming; however, the development of these kinds of systems is a complex task, requiring a deep understanding of the domain. In order to develop highly responsive systems, the developers of the Spring Framework came up with Project Reactor. Hands-On Reactive Programming in Spring 5 begins with the fundamentals of Spring Reactive programming. You’ll explore the endless possibilities of building efficient reactive systems with the Spring 5 Framework along with other tools such as WebFlux and Spring Boot. Further on, you’ll study reactive programming techniques and apply them to databases and cross-server communication. You will advance your skills in scaling up Spring Cloud Streams and run independent, high-performant reactive microservices. By the end of the book, you will be able to put your skills to use and get on board with the reactive revolution in Spring 5.1!

Who is this book for?

This book is for Java developers who use Spring to develop their applications and want to build robust and reactive applications that can scale in the cloud. Basic knowledge of distributed systems and asynchronous programming will help you understand the concepts covered in this book.

What you will learn

  • Discover the difference between a reactive system and reactive programming
  • Explore the benefits of a reactive system and understand its applications
  • Get to grips with using reactive programming in Spring 5
  • Gain an understanding of Project Reactor
  • Build a reactive system using Spring 5 and Project Reactor
  • Create a highly efficient reactive microservice with Spring Cloud
  • Test, monitor, and release reactive applications
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Publication date : Oct 08, 2018
Length: 556 pages
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Language : English
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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
Why Reactive Spring? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Reactive Programming in Spring - Basic Concepts Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Reactive Streams - the New Streams&#x27; Standard Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Project Reactor - the Foundation for Reactive Apps Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Going Reactive with Spring Boot 2 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
WebFlux Async Non-Blocking Communication Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Reactive Database Access Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Scaling Up with Cloud Streams Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Testing the Reactive Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
And, Finally, Release It! Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Top Reviews
Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.6
(7 Ratings)
5 star 42.9%
4 star 14.3%
3 star 14.3%
2 star 14.3%
1 star 14.3%
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Top Reviews

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fedir.sirko Sep 16, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
At the moment, I am working on the project where we apply reactive stack with Spring. At first, I had terrible times understanding why it matters. Now, I am positive about reactive programming as a concept & help newcomers with it.This book is slightly longer than I wish it were (over 500 pages!). Sometimes, it has strange phrases (authors are not native speakers). However, still, I like it. The book has a lengthy explanation of why reactive programming appeared. It tells various stories (sometimes, too many), so you understand not only the current state of affairs, but all the historical context. After a rather lengthy intro, authors dive into RxJava, Reactor, WebFlux, reactive DB connectivity, reactive messaging, etc. Examples present, explanations present, hell-lot of diagrams is the book. Some aspects are not interesting to me (at least at the moment), other is what I need right now. It even has a separate chapter regarding monitoring reactive applications.Read this book. You will have no regrets.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
karthi Jan 20, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Author explains every concept in detail with examples.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Shohra A Sep 29, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I like the way author explained the concepts, problem statement - inefficient existing solution - reactive way to solve. Wish I would have found this earlier.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Dimitri K Jul 18, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
This book is very detailed and describes all kinds of APIs. It is certainly very useful and practical. One important part is almost missing however - the asynchronous. This word is of course repeated many times, but deep explanation is missing. I must admit that is is also missing in most other sources too. Maybe its too complicated for average reader and writer, I don't know. But without asynchronous part, why would anybody even think of using all this complicated API? I can take the authors word that it just works if you use this or that method. Still, little disappointed, after having read 300 pages.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
RJ Jan 26, 2023
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
First off, the authors clearly know this area well and I must admit the code for the book is great.The exposition, however, is terse. Repetitive, otherwise. Oleh and Igor are great (look them up) but may be the book's editors need to work on actually editing this stuff, eh?The three stars is on Packt, for sub par production quality. Oleh and Igor get 5 stars.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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