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Home > Data > Database Programming > Getting Started with RethinkDB
Getting Started with RethinkDB
Getting Started with RethinkDB

Getting Started with RethinkDB: Absorb the knowledge required to utilize, manage, and deploy

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Getting Started with RethinkDB

Chapter 2. The ReQL Query Language

RethinkDB is queried using ReQL—a custom query language designed to be powerful and intuitive. ReQL provides a clear syntax that can be used to manipulate JSON documents in the database. This chapter will introduce you to the most common ReQL queries. More advanced use cases will be covered in the Chapter 4, Performance Tuning and Advanced Queries.

This chapter also covers the basics of moving data in and out of the database by creating tables and populating them with JSON documents.

In this chapter, you will learn the following:

  • Creating a database
  • Creating new tables
  • Adding, updating, and removing documents
  • Querying the database and manipulating results

Before we start querying the database, let's take a closer look at how a document database works, focusing on RethinkDB's data structure—JSON documents.

Documents

Documents are RethinkDB's main data structure. To fully understand and use the database, you need to think in documents. In this chapter, we're going to go through the lifecycle of designing and saving a document in RethinkDB. We'll follow up by reading, aggregating, and querying documents using ReQL. In the previous section, you'll see how RethinkDB can also manipulate and transform query results.

Documents are self-contained units of data. In relational databases, you might have heard the term record to describe something similar. When you insert some information into a database, the data is usually made up of small native types such as integers and strings. Documents are the first level of abstraction over these native types. They give primitive data some structure and logically group it. Additionally, RethinkDB documents support more complex data types such as binary data, dates and times, and arrays.

Suppose we want to store the age of a person in the...

Introducing ReQL

A database is only as good as its query language.

For a developer, the query language is basically an interface to the database; however, it's disappointing to say that most of the existing query languages are easy to use or powerful but not both. Thankfully, with ReQL, you get the best of both worlds as the query language is intuitive but very powerful at the same time.

An explicit query language

Instead of writing complex, SQL-like queries, ReQL lets you write practical, simple queries. One of its best features is that ReQL can be considered an explicit query language. The way in which you approach RethinkDB is not only simple and intuitive, but it also gives you a good idea of how the query is being executed within the database, giving you the right balance of abstraction.

Let's look at an example query:

r.table('users').filter({ name: 'Alex' }).orderBy(r.desc('age'))

In this simple query, we get all the users with the name Alex ordered...

Inserting data

Before inserting documents into the database, we must create a table to hold our data. We can do this using the tableCreate() command that takes the table name as an argument. Let's create a table called people by running the following query:

r.db('test').tableCreate('people')

This query assumes you have a database called test and creates the people table within this database. If the query is successful, you will get an output similar to this:

{
  "config_changes":[
    {
      "new_val":{
        "db":"test",
        "durability":"hard",
        "id":"a29447ca-1587-4b8c-86db-a7b3d5198519",
        "name":"people",
        "primary_key":"id",
        "shards":[
          {
            "primary_replica":"rethinkdb1",
            "replicas":[
              "rethinkdb1"
            ]
 ...

Reading data

This section looks at querying the database in detail. Querying returns a subset of documents in a table—from no documents at all to the entire table. Which documents get returned depends on what type of filtering we do in the query. The absence of the filter() command matches everything in a table.

One of the most common queries that you might want to run is reading all documents from a table. While this may not be a very efficient query when the table contains thousands of entries as it requires scanning the entire table, it can definitely be useful for debugging purposes.

We can read the entire table from the database just by selecting the database and an appropriate table as follows:

r.db('test').table('people')

If you've been running the queries from the previous sections, the result will contain three documents:

Reading data

Note

For a more concise result view, you can choose the "table view" from the Data Explorer.

Filtering results

We can use the...

Updating data

Once a document is stored in a RethinkDB table, it can be changed using the update() command. This command accepts a JSON document or ReQL expression as input and returns the number of updated documents.

Updating existing attributes

Updating a document can alter one or more attributes already present within the document itself, or can add a new attribute. Let's pretend we made a mistake inserting Amy's year of birth and we want to change the value from 1998 to 1997; we can update the related document using the following query:

r.table('people').get('f1664276-1aad-4998-8240-410a82883115').update({"yearOfBirth": 1997})

First, we get the correct document using its primary key. Then we call the update() command, passing it a JSON document that contains the changes. In this case, the change is as follows:

({"yearOfBirth": 1997}

If we now query the database searching for Amy's document, we can see that year of birth has, in fact,...

Documents

Documents are RethinkDB's main data structure. To fully understand and use the database, you need to think in documents. In this chapter, we're going to go through the lifecycle of designing and saving a document in RethinkDB. We'll follow up by reading, aggregating, and querying documents using ReQL. In the previous section, you'll see how RethinkDB can also manipulate and transform query results.

Documents are self-contained units of data. In relational databases, you might have heard the term record to describe something similar. When you insert some information into a database, the data is usually made up of small native types such as integers and strings. Documents are the first level of abstraction over these native types. They give primitive data some structure and logically group it. Additionally, RethinkDB documents support more complex data types such as binary data, dates and times, and arrays.

Suppose we want to store the age of a person in the database. This data might...

Introducing ReQL

A database is only as good as its query language.

For a developer, the query language is basically an interface to the database; however, it's disappointing to say that most of the existing query languages are easy to use or powerful but not both. Thankfully, with ReQL, you get the best of both worlds as the query language is intuitive but very powerful at the same time.

An explicit query language

Instead of writing complex, SQL-like queries, ReQL lets you write practical, simple queries. One of its best features is that ReQL can be considered an explicit query language. The way in which you approach RethinkDB is not only simple and intuitive, but it also gives you a good idea of how the query is being executed within the database, giving you the right balance of abstraction.

Let's look at an example query:

r.table('users').filter({ name: 'Alex' }).orderBy(r.desc('age'))

In this simple query, we get all the users with the name Alex ordered in descending order by age. If we were...

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Page 1 of 8

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Key benefits

  • Make the most of this open source, scalable database—RethinkDB —to ease the construction of web applications
  • Run powerful queries using ReQL, which is the most convenient language to manipulate JSON documents with
  • Develop fully-fledged real-time web apps using Node.js and RethinkDB

Description

RethinkDB is a high-performance document-oriented database with a unique set of features. This increasingly popular NoSQL database is used to develop real-time web applications and, together with Node.js, it can be used to easily deploy them to the cloud with very little difficulty. Getting Started with RethinkDB is designed to get you working with RethinkDB as quickly as possible. Starting with the installation and configuration process, you will learn how to start importing data into the database and run simple queries using the intuitive ReQL query language. After successfully running a few simple queries, you will be introduced to other topics such as clustering and sharding. You will get to know how to set up a cluster of RethinkDB nodes and spread database load across multiple machines. We will then move on to advanced queries and optimization techniques. You will discover how to work with RethinkDB from a Node.js environment and find out all about deployment techniques. Finally, we’ll finish by working on a fully-fledged example that uses the Node.js framework and advanced features such as Changefeeds to develop a real-time web application.

Who is this book for?

Getting Started with RethinkDB is ideal for developers who are new to RethinkDB and need a practical understanding to start working with it. No previous knowledge of database programming is required, although a basic knowledge of JavaScript or Node.js would be helpful.

What you will learn

  • Download and install the database on your system
  • Configure RethinkDB's settings and start using the web interface
  • Import data into RethinkDB
  • Run queries using the ReQL language
  • Create shards, replicas, and RethinkDB clusters
  • Use an index to improve database performance
  • Get to know all the RethinkDB deployment techniques

Product Details

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Publication date : Mar 17, 2016
Length: 176 pages
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ISBN-13 : 9781785884467
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Publication date : Mar 17, 2016
Length: 176 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785884467
Category :
Data
Languages :
JavaScript
Concepts :
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Tools :
RethinkDB

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Mastering RethinkDB
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Table of Contents

8 Chapters
1. Introducing RethinkDB Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
1. Introducing RethinkDB
Rethinking the database
Installing RethinkDB
Configuring RethinkDB
Starting RethinkDB
Running a query
Summary
2. The ReQL Query Language Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. The ReQL Query Language
Documents
Introducing ReQL
Inserting data
Reading data
Updating data
Deleting data
Summary
3. Clustering, Sharding, and Replication Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Clustering, Sharding, and Replication
An introduction to scaling
Clustering RethinkDB
Replication
Sharding
Summary
4. Performance Tuning and Advanced Queries Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Performance Tuning and Advanced Queries
Performance tuning
Bulk data import
Introducing indexing
Evaluating query performance
Creating and using an index
Advanced queries
Summary
5. Programming RethinkDB in Node.js Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Programming RethinkDB in Node.js
Introducing Node.js
Installing Node.js
Running Node.js
Installing the RethinkDB module
Connecting to RethinkDB
Inserting documents
Reading documents
Updating and deleting documents
Introducing Changefeeds
Summary
6. RethinkDB Administration and Deployment Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. RethinkDB Administration and Deployment
RethinkDB administration tools
Restoring your data
Securing RethinkDB
Monitoring RethinkDB
Deploying RethinkDB
Summary
7. Developing Real-Time Web Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Developing Real-Time Web Applications
Introducing real-time web applications
Going real time on the Web
Developing web applications with Node.js
Using RethinkDB in Node.js web applications
Your first real-time web application
Creating the Node.js server
Configuring the router
Writing the application logic
Interacting with RethinkDB
Programming Socket.io
Programming the frontend
The view
Running our web application
Summary
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index

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Lovely book bringing you up to speed on RethinkDB. Concise and to-the-point.
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About the author

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Tiepolo
Gianluca Tiepolo is a cybersecurity researcher who specializes in mobile forensics and incident response. He holds a BSc degree in Computer Science and an MSc in Information Security, as well as several security-related certifications. Over the past 12 years, he has performed security monitoring, threat hunting, incident response, and intelligence analysis as a consultant for dozens of organizations, including several Fortune 100 companies. Gianluca is also the co-founder of the startup Sixth Sense Solutions, which developed AI-based anti-fraud solutions. Today, Gianluca works as a Security Delivery Team Lead for consulting firm Accenture Security. In 2016, he authored the book Getting Started with RethinkDB, published by Packt Publishing.
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