Differences between software and firmware

Firmware and software represent distinct categories of computer programs with key differences in their scope and functionality. Firmware is a specialized type of software closely tied to the hardware of embedded devices. It resides in NVM, providing low-level control over specific hardware components. Notably, firmware persists even when the device is powered off and is responsible for device initialization and management. In contrast, software encompasses a broader range of programs that operate within a computer system, interacting with the hardware through the OS. Unlike firmware, software typically loads into volatile memory and does not persist across power cycles. Software offers extensive customization options, is often updated more easily, and is developed with a focus on higher-level programming languages. In summary, firmware is intimately connected to hardware, providing foundational control, while software operates at a higher level...