Formatting your data/output using echo and printf
Sometimes, finding the string or the exact data you are looking for is the easy part of your task, but formatting the output data is tricky. For example, here are some situations that have subtle elements that need to be altered:
- Echoing output without the newline terminator (\n)
- Echoing raw hexadecimal (hex) data
- Printing raw hexadecimal values and printable ASCII characters
- Concatenating strings
- Escaping specific characters
- Aligning text
- Printing horizontal rules
In addition to tricks, we can also print values to the screen that are also floats as well (in addition to the recipe for math). Wait, what is a hexadecimal number? Yes, another type of data or at least a representation exists. To understand what hexadecimals are, we first need to remember that computers use binary, which consists of 1s and 0s (ones and zeros). However, binary is not very friendly to us humans (we use the decimal format when looking at numbers typically), so other representations...
