Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

R code words in text, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, and dummy URLs are shown as follows:

A block of code is set as follows:

[default]
love <- function(t, x, parms){
  with(as.list(c(parms, x)), {
    dPrince_Harry <- a * Chelsy_Davy
    dChelsy_Davy <- -b * Prince_Harry
    res <- c(dPrince_Harry, dChelsy_Davy)
    list(res)
  })
}

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

dat <- matrix(c(104,11037,189,11034),2,2, byrow=TRUE)
## Loading required package: grid
> confint(oddsratio(dat, log=FALSE))
##     2.5 %    97.5 %
##  0.4324132 0.6998549

Note

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tip

Tips and tricks appear like this.