Time for action – computing the modulo

Let's call the previously mentioned functions:

1. The remainder() function returns the remainder of the two arrays, element-wise. 0 is returned if the second number is 0:

   a = np.arange(-4, 4)
   print("Remainder", np.remainder(a, 2))

   The result of the remainder() function is shown as follows:

   Remainder [0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1]
   

2. The mod() function does exactly the same as the remainder() function:

   print("Mod", np.mod(a, 2))

   The result of the mod() function is shown as follows:

   Mod [0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1]
   

3. The % operator is just shorthand for the remainder() function:

   print("% operator", a % 2)

   The result of the % operator is shown as follows:

   % operator [0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1]
   

4. The fmod() function handles negative numbers differently than mod(), fmod(), and % do. The sign of the remainder is the sign of the dividend, and the sign of the divisor has no influence on the results:

   print("Fmod", np.fmod(a, 2))

   The fmod() result is printed as...