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Mastering Puppet
Mastering Puppet

Mastering Puppet: Mastering Puppet for network programming enables developers to pull the strings of Puppet and configure enterprise-level environments for optimum performance

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Mastering Puppet

Chapter 2. Organizing Your Nodes and Data

Now that we can deal with a large number of nodes in our installation, we need a way of organizing which classes we apply to each node.

There are quite a few solutions to the problem of attaching classes to nodes; in this chapter, we will examine the following node organization methods:

  • An External Node Classifier (ENC)
  • LDAP backend
  • Hiera

Getting started

For the remainder of this chapter, we will assume your Puppet infrastructure is configured with a single Puppet master used for signing and a worker machine used for catalog compilation, as pictured in the following diagram:

Getting started

Any Puppet master configuration will be sufficient for this chapter; the previous configuration is only provided for reference.

Organizing the nodes with ENC

An ENC is a script that is run on the Puppet master, or the host compiling the catalog, to determine which classes are applied to the node. The ENC script can be written in any language, and it receives as a command-line argument certname (certificate name) from the node. In most cases, this will be the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) of the node; we will assume that the certname setting has not been explicitly set and that the FQDN of our nodes is being used.

Tip

We will only use the hostname portion as the FQDN can be unreliable in some instances. Across your enterprise, the naming convention of the host should not allow for multiple machines to have the same hostname. The FQDN is determined by a fact; this fact is the union of the hostname fact and the domain fact. The domain fact on Linux is determined by running the command hostname -f. If DNS is not configured correctly or reverse records do not exist, the domain fact will not be set and the FQDN will...

Hiera

Hiera allows you to create a hierarchy of node information. Using hiera, you can separate your variables and data from your modules. You start by defining what that hierarchy will be by ordering lookups in the main configuration file, hiera.yaml. The hierarchy is based on facts. Any fact can be used, even your own custom facts may be used. The values of the facts are then used as values for the YAML files stored in a directory, usually called hieradata. More information on hiera may be found on the Puppet Labs website at http://docs.puppetlabs.com/hiera/1.

Tip

Facts are case sensitive in hiera and templates; this could be important when writing your hiera.yaml script.

Configuring hiera

Hiera only needs to be installed on your worker nodes. Using the Puppet Labs repo, the package to install is hiera; our installation pulled down hiera-1.3.0-1.el6.noarch. The command-line hiera tool looks for the hiera configuration file, hiera.yaml, in /etc/hiera.yaml. Puppet will by default look for hiera...

Summary

The classes that are applied to nodes should be as automatic as possible. By using a hostname convention and an ENC script, it is possible to have classes applied to nodes without any node-level configuration.

Using LDAP as a backend for class information may be a viable alternative at your enterprise. The LDAP schema included with Puppet can be successfully applied to an OpenLDAP instance or integrated into your existing LDAP infrastructure.

Hiera is a powerful tool for separating data from your module definitions. By utilizing a hierarchy of facts, it is possible to dynamically apply classes to nodes based on their facts.

The important concept in the enterprise is to minimize the customization required in the modules and push that customization up into the node declaration. To separate the code required to deploy your nodes from the specific data, through either LDAP, a custom ENC, or clever use of hiera. If starting from scratch, hiera is the most powerful and flexible solution...

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Description

Presented in an easy-to-follow, step-by-step tutorial format and packed with examples, this book will lead you through making the best out of Puppet in an enterprise environment. If you are a system administrator or developer who has used Puppet in production and are looking for ways to easily use Puppet in an enterprise environment, this book is for you. This book assumes an intermediate knowledge of Puppet and is intended for those writing modules or deploying Puppet in an enterprise environment.

What you will learn

  • Scale out your Puppet masters using proxy techniques
  • Automate Puppet master deployment using Git Hooks, r10k, and librarianpuppet
  • Access public modules from Git Forge and use them to solve realworld problems
  • Use Hiera and ENC to automatically assign modules to nodes
  • Create custom modules, facts, and types
  • Use exported resources to orchestrate changes across the enterprise

Product Details

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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Jul 16, 2014
Length: 280 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783982196
Vendor :
Puppet
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Product Details

Publication date : Jul 16, 2014
Length: 280 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783982196
Vendor :
Puppet
Tools :

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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
1. Dealing with Load/Scale Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Organizing Your Nodes and Data Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Git and Environments Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Public Modules Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Custom Facts and Modules Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Custom Types Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Reporting and Orchestration Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Exported Resources Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Roles and Profiles Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Troubleshooting Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Top Reviews
Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.9
(13 Ratings)
5 star 30.8%
4 star 46.2%
3 star 7.7%
2 star 15.4%
1 star 0%
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Amazon Customer Sep 21, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This is the book that I wish I could've had 3 years ago when I was first setting up puppet. It walks you through setup of not only puppet, but all of the extras which go along with it. This is an excellent resource to hand to both new puppet users, as well as those who have been around the block a few times.Some of the goodies in this book: passenger, hiera, foreman, puppet dashboard, environments, puppetdb, git, popular puppet modules, reports and roles-profiles pattern, as well as a fairly extensive troubleshooting section with detailed information on what went wrong and how to fix it.This is definitely the book I'll be handing to new hires who need a ramp-up on puppet!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
James Jan 19, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I use it. Well written and just enough over my head that I can learn something.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
David Oct 20, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Well written, has lots of good ideas/techniques for more advanced puppet users
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Jascha Casadio Jan 11, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
A very few people know that Puppet was released more than 10 years ago. Only recently, with the explosion of the cloud and the Internet of Things, having infrastructures able to scale out, deploying machines that self-configure themselves, that feeble buzz became a powerful roar and configuration management tools emerged as an indispensable tool in the belt of any DevOps populating planet Earth. Among the many flavors we can pick from, Puppet, which recently reached version 4, is a mature and solid choice. Still, the shelves of the book stores only provide a limited amount of titles to feed the hunger of knowledge of the many Puppetteers out there, who are often forced to spend the day either on the IRC support channel or browsing Stack Overflow. Mastering Puppet, which covers the previous version of Puppet, is an excellent companion for any experienced Puppetteer looking for a discussion on advanced topics.Before discussing the content of the book, as stated above, it is very important to make it crystal clear that Mastering Puppet does not cover Puppet 4, but the previous version of the software, that is 3. Significant non backward compatible changes were made to both the language and its configuration. While, as I will discuss in a moment, the book is still very valuable, it does require the reader to be aware of it and, mainly, to be already aware of what changed and thus, what, of the topics discussed by the author, no longer apply to the current stable version of Puppet. On the other hand, it is also true that many companies are waiting a bit longer before switching to Puppet 4, mostly because their code need to be refactored and also because tools, such as Foreman, are still being ported.As mentioned when introducing this review, Mastering Puppet, as the title suggests, does cover advanced topics. The reader is expected to know how to properly configure Puppet and write his own classes and modules. Concepts such as types and providers are supposed to be known. So, rather than introducing the language features and the basic commands to get started, the author focuses on topics such as deploying Puppet either as a master/slaves or masterless.The first chapter, for example, does exactly this. Not only does the author show both approaches, with their pros and cons; he also discusses how the scenario changes when the number of nodes significantly increases, making it impossible for a single master to take care of the whole infrastructure. While the differences of the different approaches can be already known to the reader, what I find interesting here is the approach of the author: presenting different solutions to a problem, taking into account scalability. What are the options? When is this solution better than the other? Why?As stated several times already, the book covers Puppet 4. This new version of Puppet strongly relies on Hiera as an external source of data. This means that, for example, chapter 2, which covers different strategies to organize the data, is somehow outdated, now. Still, the chapter is worth the read, not only because there are many infrastructure still relying on Puppet 3, but also because it is very informative to see how the author presents and compares different solutions to that common problem. Something similar happens in chapter 3, which is about environments. Puppet 4 enforces environments, but these pages are still very worth a read. Here the author presents different approaches to exploit environments to organize the data: a single hierarchy with the environment as a hierarchy item; and multiple hierarchies where the path to the hieradata comes from the environment setting itself.Among the other topics covered are reporting, where the author presents Syslog, IRC, Foreman and the Puppet Dashboard; and exported resources. Exported resources and puppetdb, which are part of chapter 8, are one of the concepts that I have particularly enjoyed reading. The examples presented by the author are clear and easy to follow and the concepts are concisely and exhaustively discussed.On top of all of this, throughout the book we find plenty of small boxes with tips to get the most out of a concept just discussed or to avoid common pitfalls. If I have to find something negative about this book, well, I could complain that chapter 9, which is about design patterns and roles, was too short. That is a very complex and important topic that, probably, deserves a book on its own.Overall, an excellent book. I am very happy with it. Despite being outdated, it still delivers much to any Puppetteers looking for material covering advanced topics. Definitely a suggested read.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Szasz Tamas Sep 28, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
I just received 3 weeks ago a copy of this book from Packt publishing. After reading over the book, I would say it's something what worth read if somebody is working with puppet in an enterprise and not only with 5-10 servers. I'm working with puppet since 3 years and had a lot of problem with scalability and dynamic structure in the past. Many of this problems are well described in this book with possible solutions over examples. I definitely recommend this book for professionals, who are working with number of servers more then 25-50, and on multiple environment / location. I only give 4 stars because the programming part (types and providers) is not well enough described compared with other books focused on implementing types and providers. The chapters scaling, organizing, reporting are especially interesting and worth to read *before* starting to use puppet in an enterprise with hundred of nodes.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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