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Elasticsearch Essentials
Elasticsearch Essentials

Elasticsearch Essentials: Harness the power of ElasticSearch to build and manage scalable search and analytics solutions with this fast-paced guide

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Profile Icon Bharvi Dixit
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$19.99 per month
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.3 (6 Ratings)
Paperback Jan 2016 240 pages 1st Edition
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$24.99 $35.99
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Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Bharvi Dixit
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$19.99 per month
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.3 (6 Ratings)
Paperback Jan 2016 240 pages 1st Edition
eBook
$24.99 $35.99
Paperback
$43.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at $19.99p/m
eBook
$24.99 $35.99
Paperback
$43.99
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Renews at $19.99p/m

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Elasticsearch Essentials

Chapter 2. Understanding Document Analysis and Creating Mappings

Search is hard, and it becomes harder when both speed and relevancy are required together. There are lots of configurable options Elasticsearch provides out-of-the-box to take control before you start putting the data into it. Elasticsearch is schemaless. I gave a brief idea in the previous chapter of why it is not completely schemaless and how it creates a schema right after indexing the very first document for all the fields existing in that document. However, the schema matters a lot for a better and more relevant search. Equally important is understanding the theory behind the phases of document indexing and search.

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

  • Full text search and inverted indices
  • Document analysis
  • Introducing Lucene analyzers
  • Creating custom analyzers
  • Elasticsearch mappings

Text search

Searching is broadly divided into two types: exact term search and full text search. An exact term search is something in which we look out for the exact terms; for example, any named entity such as the name of a person, location, or organization or date. These searches are easier to make since the search engine simply looks out for a yes or no and returns the documents.

However, full text search is different as well as challenging. Full text search refers to the search within text fields, where the text can be unstructured as well as structured. The text data can be in the form of any human language and based on the natural languages, which are very hard for a machine to understand and give relevant results. The following are some examples of full text searches:

  • Find all the documents with search in the title or content fields, and return the results with matches in titles with the higher score
  • Find all the tweets in which people are talking about terrorism and killing and return...

Document analysis

When we index documents into Elasticsearch, it goes through an analysis phase that is necessary in order to create inverted indexes. It is a series of steps performed by Lucene, which is depicted in the following image:

Document analysis

The analysis phase is performed by analyzers that are composed of one or more char filters, a single tokenizer, and one or more token filters. You can declare separate analyzers for each field in your document depending on the need. For the same field, the analyzers can be the same for both indexing and searching or they can be different.

Elasticsearch mapping

We have seen in the previous chapter how an index can have one or more types and each type has its own mapping.

Mappings are like database schemas that describe the fields or properties that the documents of that type may have. For example, the data type of each field, such as a string, integer, or date, and how these fields should be indexed and stored by Lucene.

One more thing to consider is that unlike a database, you cannot have a field with the same name with different types in the same index; otherwise, you will break doc_values, and the sorting/searching is also broken. For example, create myIndex and also index a document with a valid field that contains an integer value inside the type1 document type:

curl –XPOST localhost:9200/myIndex/type1/1 –d '{"valid":5}'

Now, index another document inside type2 in the same index with the valid field. This time the valid field contains a string value:

curl –XPOST localhost/myIndex...

Summary

In this chapter, we covered a lot of ground involving inverted indexes, document analysis phases, the working of analyzers, and creating custom analyzers. We also learned about creating and working with mappings of different data types.

In the next chapter, we will start pushing data into Elasticsearch and will learn how to perform operations with Elasticsearch using Python and Java API.

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Key benefits

  • New to ElasticSearch? Here’s what you need—a highly practical guide that gives you a quick start with ElasticSearch using easy-to-follow examples; get up and running with ElasticSearch APIs in no time
  • Get the latest guide on ElasticSearch 2.0.0, which contains concise and adequate information on handling all the issues a developer needs to know while handling data in bulk with search relevancy
  • Learn to create large-scale ElasticSearch clusters using best practices
  • Learn from our experts—written by Bharvi Dixit who has extensive experience in working with search servers (especially ElasticSearch)

Description

With constantly evolving and growing datasets, organizations have the need to find actionable insights for their business. ElasticSearch, which is the world's most advanced search and analytics engine, brings the ability to make massive amounts of data usable in a matter of milliseconds. It not only gives you the power to build blazing fast search solutions over a massive amount of data, but can also serve as a NoSQL data store. This guide will take you on a tour to become a competent developer quickly with a solid knowledge level and understanding of the ElasticSearch core concepts. Starting from the beginning, this book will cover these core concepts, setting up ElasticSearch and various plugins, working with analyzers, and creating mappings. This book provides complete coverage of working with ElasticSearch using Python and performing CRUD operations and aggregation-based analytics, handling document relationships in the NoSQL world, working with geospatial data, and taking data backups. Finally, we’ll show you how to set up and scale ElasticSearch clusters in production environments as well as providing some best practices.

Who is this book for?

Anyone who wants to build efficient search and analytics applications can choose this book. This book is also beneficial for skilled developers, especially ones experienced with Lucene or Solr, who now want to learn Elasticsearch quickly.

What you will learn

  • Get to know about advanced Elasticsearch concepts and its REST APIs
  • Write CRUD operations and other search functionalities using the ElasticSearch Python and Java clients
  • Dig into wide range of queries and find out how to use them correctly
  • Design schema and mappings with built-in and custom analyzers
  • Excel in data modeling concepts and query optimization
  • Master document relationships and geospatial data
  • Build analytics using aggregations
  • Setup and scale Elasticsearch clusters using best practices
  • Learn to take data backups and secure Elasticsearch clusters

Product Details

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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Jan 30, 2016
Length: 240 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781784391010
Vendor :
Elastic
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Product Details

Publication date : Jan 30, 2016
Length: 240 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781784391010
Vendor :
Elastic
Category :
Languages :

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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
1. Getting Started with Elasticsearch Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Understanding Document Analysis and Creating Mappings Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Putting Elasticsearch into Action Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Aggregations for Analytics Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Data Looks Better on Maps: Master Geo-Spatiality Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Document Relationships in NoSQL World Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Different Methods of Search and Bulk Operations Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Controlling Relevancy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Cluster Scaling in Production Deployments Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Backups and Security Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.3
(6 Ratings)
5 star 66.7%
4 star 16.7%
3 star 0%
2 star 16.7%
1 star 0%
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Bill Jones Apr 08, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Using Elasticsearch at work and needed to have some material to help me become more familiar with the product. With a ELK stack this book was incredibly helpful and realistic to the approach to object data we're working with in sets. I highly recommend integrating a kanban board with ES in order to take full advantage of ES. I felt the book was very well organized, clearly written, and easy to follow along. CRUD is where it is at in the real world so the fact that it is included in the book was really great.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
ruben Apr 06, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This guide will take you on a tour to become a competent developer quickly with a solid knowledge level and understanding of the ElasticSearch core concepts. Starting from the beginning, this book will cover these core concepts, setting up ElasticSearch and various plugins, working with analyzers, and creating mappings. This book provides complete coverage of working with ElasticSearch using Python and performing CRUD operations and aggregation-based analytics, handling document relationships in the NoSQL world, working with geospatial data, and taking data backups. Finally, we’ll show you how to set up and scale ElasticSearch clusters in production environments as well as providing some best practices.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Winston Apr 03, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Elasticsearch Essentials takes the reader down a very well design road of learning the in's and out's of Elasticsearch. Readers will gain and understanding of geospatial data and using NOSQL document relationships. Chapter 7 was my favorite detailing different methods and case studies on search and bulk operations.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Tim Crothers Apr 07, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I've been using Elasticsearch for over four years so I didn't expect this book to teach me anything. While I don't agree with everything the author says (statements like "All real-world data comes in object form") I loved the book overall and even managed to pick up a few useful tidbits I didn't know. The author uses a very straight-forward and practical approach to gaining fundamental skills in using Elasticsearch. Very good resource.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
C. Mcc Feb 28, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Solid book for introducing Elasticsearch.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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