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Mastering Kubernetes
Mastering Kubernetes

Mastering Kubernetes: Level up your container orchestration skills with Kubernetes to build, run, secure, and observe large-scale distributed apps , Third Edition

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Mastering Kubernetes

Understanding Kubernetes Architecture

In one sentence, Kubernetes is a platform to orchestrate the deployment, scaling, and management of container-based applications. You have probably read about Kubernetes, and maybe even dipped your toes in and used it in a side project or maybe even at work. But to understand what Kubernetes is all about, how to use it effectively, and what the best practices are requires much more.

Kubernetes is a big open source project and ecosystem with a lot of code and a lot of functionality. Kubernetes came out of Google, but joined the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) and became the clear leader in the space of container-based applications.

In this chapter, we will build the foundation necessary to utilize Kubernetes to its full potential. We will start by understanding what Kubernetes is, what Kubernetes isn't, and what container orchestration means exactly. Then we will cover important Kubernetes concepts that will...

What is Kubernetes?

Kubernetes is a platform that encompasses a huge number of services and capabilities that keeps growing. The core functionality is scheduling workloads in containers across your infrastructure, but it doesn't stop there. Here are some of the other capabilities Kubernetes brings to the table:

  • Mounting storage systems
  • Distributing secrets
  • Checking application health and readiness
  • Replicating application instances
  • Using the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler
  • Using Cluster Autoscaling
  • Naming and service discovery
  • Balancing loads
  • Rolling updates
  • Monitoring resources
  • Accessing and ingesting logs
  • Debugging applications
  • Providing authentication and authorization

We will cover all these capabilities in great detail throughout the book. At this point, just absorb and appreciate how much value Kubernetes can add to your system.

Kubernetes has impressive scope, but it is also important...

Kubernetes concepts

In this section, I'll briefly introduce many important Kubernetes concepts and give you some context as to why they are needed and how they interact with other concepts. The goal is to get familiar with these terms and concepts. Later, we'll see how these concepts are woven together and organized into API groups and resource categories to achieve awesomeness. You can consider many of these concepts as building blocks. Some of the concepts, such as nodes and masters, are implemented as a set of Kubernetes components. These components are at a different abstraction level, and I discuss them in detail in a dedicated section later in this chapter – Kubernetes components.

Here is the famous Kubernetes architecture diagram:

Figure 1.1: Kubernetes architecture diagram

Clusters

A cluster is a collection of hosts (nodes) that provide compute, memory, storage, and networking resources. Kubernetes uses these resources to run the various...

Diving into Kubernetes architecture in depth

Kubernetes has very ambitious goals. It aims to manage and simplify the orchestration, deployment, and management of distributed systems across a wide range of environments and cloud providers. It provides many capabilities and services that should work across all that diversity while evolving and remaining simple enough for mere mortals to use. This is a tall order. Kubernetes achieves this by following a crystal-clear, high-level design and well-thought-out architecture that promotes extensibility and pluggability. Many parts of Kubernetes are still hardcoded or environment-aware, but the trend is to refactor them into plugins and keep the core small, generic, and abstract. In this section, we will peel Kubernetes like an onion, starting with various distributed system design patterns and how Kubernetes supports them, then go over the surface of Kubernetes, which is its set of APIs, and then take a look at the actual components that comprise...

Kubernetes runtimes

Kubernetes originally only supported Docker as a container runtime engine. But that is no longer the case. Kubernetes now supports several different runtimes:

  • Docker (via a CRI shim)
  • rkt (direct integration to be replaced with Rktlet)
  • CRI-O
  • Frakti (Kubernetes on the Hypervisor, previously Hypernetes)
  • rktlet (CRI implementation for rkt)
  • CRI-containerd

The major design policy is that Kubernetes itself should be completely decoupled from specific runtimes. The Container Runtime Interface (CRI) enables it.

In this section, you'll get a closer look at the CRI and get to know the individual runtime engines. At the end of this section, you'll be able to make a well-informed decision about which runtime engine is appropriate for your use case and under what circumstances you may switch or even combine multiple runtimes in the same system.

The container runtime interface (CRI)

The CRI is a collection...

Continuous integration and deployment

Kubernetes is a great platform for running your microservice-based applications. But, at the end of the day, it is an implementation detail. Users, and often most developers, may not be aware that the system is deployed on Kubernetes. But Kubernetes can change the game and make things that were too difficult before possible.

In this section, we'll explore the CI/CD pipeline and what Kubernetes brings to the table. At the end of this section, you'll be able to design CI/CD pipelines that take advantage of Kubernetes properties such as easy scaling and development-production parity to improve the productivity and robustness of day-to-day development and deployment.

What is a CI/CD pipeline?

A CI/CD pipeline is a set of tools and steps that takes a set of changes by developers or operators that modify the code, data, or configuration of a system, tests them, and deploys them to production (and possibly other environments). Some...

Summary

In this chapter, we covered a lot of ground, and you got to understand the design and architecture of Kubernetes. Kubernetes is an orchestration platform for microservice-based applications running as containers. Kubernetes clusters have master and worker nodes. Containers run within pods. Each pod runs on a single physical or virtual machine. Kubernetes directly supports many concepts, such as services, labels, and persistent storage. You can implement various distributed system design patterns on Kubernetes. Container runtimes just need to implement the CRI. Docker, rkt, hyper containers, and more are supported.

In Chapter 2, Creating Kubernetes Clusters, we will explore the various ways to create Kubernetes clusters, discuss when to use different options, and build a multi-node cluster.

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Key benefits

  • Master Kubernetes architecture and design to build and deploy secure distributed applications
  • Learn advanced concepts like autoscaling, cluster federation, serverless computing, and service mesh integration for observability
  • Explore Kubernetes 1.18 features and its rich ecosystem of tools like Kubectl, Knative, and Helm

Description

The third edition of Mastering Kubernetes is updated with the latest tools and code enabling you to learn Kubernetes 1.18’s latest features. This book primarily concentrates on diving deeply into complex concepts and Kubernetes best practices to help you master the skills of designing and deploying large clusters on various cloud platforms. The book trains you to run complex stateful microservices on Kubernetes including advanced features such as horizontal pod autoscaling, rolling updates, resource quotas, and persistent storage backend. With the two new chapters, you will gain expertise in serverless computing and utilizing service meshes. As you proceed through the chapters, you will explore different options for network configuration and learn to set up, operate, and troubleshoot Kubernetes networking plugins through real-world use cases. Furthermore, you will understand the mechanisms of custom resource development and its utilization in automation and maintenance workflows. By the end of this Kubernetes book, you will graduate from an intermediate to advanced Kubernetes professional.

Who is this book for?

If you are a system administrator or a cloud developer with working knowledge of Kubernetes and are keen to master its advanced features, along with learning everything from building microservices to utilizing service meshes, Mastering Kubernetes is for you. Basic familiarity with networking concepts will be helpful.

What you will learn

  • Master the fundamentals of Kubernetes architecture and design
  • Build and run stateful applications and complex microservices on Kubernetes
  • Use tools like Kubectl, secrets, and Helm to manage resources and storage
  • Master Kubernetes Networking with load balancing options like Ingress
  • Achieve high-availability Kubernetes clusters
  • Improve Kubernetes observability with tools like Prometheus, Grafana, and Jaeger
  • Extend Kubernetes working with Kubernetes API, plugins, and webhooks
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Language : English
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Table of Contents

18 Chapters
Understanding Kubernetes Architecture Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Creating Kubernetes Clusters Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
High Availability and Reliability Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Securing Kubernetes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Using Kubernetes Resources in Practice Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Managing Storage Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Running Stateful Applications with Kubernetes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deploying and Updating Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Packaging Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Exploring Advanced Networking Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Running Kubernetes on Multiple Clouds and Cluster Federation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Serverless Computing on Kubernetes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Monitoring Kubernetes Clusters Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Utilizing Service Meshes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Extending Kubernetes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The Future of Kubernetes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.2
(21 Ratings)
5 star 76.2%
4 star 4.8%
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2 star 0%
1 star 19%
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Amir Mayblum Aug 12, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Whether you are a beginner or an experienced developer, this book is a great resource. It walks beginners step-by-step on how to set up and manage your Kubernetes infrastructure. The book includes a lot of sample codes and examples to make things easy, and everything is explained in simple, friendly language. For experienced developers, it will soon become a go-to book to remind you of all the little tricks to make you a wiz.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Andrew G. Hammond Sep 28, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The world of k8s is pretty vast, but Gigi does a thorough job of covering all the bases. Pretty much everything is in here, or at least everything I've been looking for. There's a surprising amount of depth on the key topics including code samples.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Siva Jul 20, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The book is well written. It explained the fundamentals and the need of microservices. I like chapter 3, High Availability, and Reliability. The Golang source code provided is a great add-on to try things hands-on. The code bundle is also hosted in GitHub. I have even gone throw it's the previous version and provided feedback. The author considered that and incorporated the changes. This book is definitely an all in one material for beginners and for the people who want to go in-depth.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Ilanit Rimon Jul 14, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This is the third edition of "Mastering Kubernetes" book. As technology evolves, you will want to get the most updated book you can, and this third edition delivers that. With updated diagrams, examples and screenshots but keeping most of the material from the 1st edition "Mastering Kubernetes" is the book to own if you are an IT professional that needs to learn how to work with Kubernetes or looking for a specific solution. The book is succinctly written in such a way that you can read it cover to cover or choose to use the detailed index to jump to the section that you need."Mastering Kubernetes" does not run a slim path of covering installations, instead it covering the areas and software that surrounds the dealing with online clusters and explains other types of software and hardware you will need in order to make your project successful it also covers a myriad of different cloud services providers.Overall very recommended if you are dealing with Kubernetes in a professional setting.
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Stanley Hu Sep 03, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
In "Mastering Kubernetes", Gigi Sayfan surveys the vast Kubernetes ecosystem with plenty of examples and practical advice. The book serves as a guide for developing, monitoring, scaling, and deploying applications in Kubernetes. It walks you through the basics of setting up your own clusters and shows you how to tweak configuration files to scale pods horizontally or vertically. At times, the book feels like watching over an expert's shoulder as he demonstrates how to set up a MariaDB cluster in Kubernetes.The book touches on many complex topics, ranging from security, networking, serverless computing, service meshes, and more. It's easy to get lost in the sea of new technologies, such as Knative, Istio, and Helm, but "Mastering Kubernetes" does an admirable job of showing you how they work and what they do, complete with architecture diagrams, code samples, and of course, YAML files.As a contributor to the GitLab Helm Chart, I particularly enjoyed how this book filled in many gaps in my knowledge. For example, I’d heard of persistent volume claims before, but I’d never had a reason to see how they worked in practice. I found it reassuring that it was possible to deploy NFS or CephFS in Kubernetes, even though much of my time has been focused on moving away from networked filesystems. I also appreciated the demonstration of how to use a Kubernetes-aware Snitch in Cassandra.After reading "Mastering Kubernetes", I felt like I was further away from mastering Kubernetes than I had been when I started, but that’s not a bad thing. The book reminds you that the Kubernetes universe is expanding rapidly, and it’s difficult to keep up with all the changes. In fact, by the time I read Chapter 2, the instructions for KinD had already become outdated because the developers had revamped the command-line interface. But hidden inside the book’s deceptively simple title belies a simple truth: mastering something is an ongoing process--a struggle at times--and that process may continue indefinitely. "Mastering Kubernetes" serves as a useful starting point for this journey.
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