Time series data

Let us quickly look at some examples of time series data. We will use some data from Rob J Hyndman, from https://robjhyndman.com/TSDL/.

We will use the age of death of successive kings of England dataset.

Let us store the time series data as a ts object:

> kings <- scan("http://robjhyndman.com/tsdldata/misc/kings.dat",skip=3)
Read 42 items
> king.ts <- ts(kings)
> king.ts
Time Series:
Start = 1 
End = 42 
Frequency = 1 
 [1] 60 43 67 50 56 42 50 65 68 43 65 34 47 34 49 41 13 35 53 56 16 43 69 59 48 59 86 55 68 51 33 49 67 77
[35] 81 67 71 81 68 70 77 56
>

Using the scan function, we get the data from the URL. Following that, we create a time series object using ts.

Let us plot the time series:

plot(king.ts)

The standard R plot function knows how to plot time series data. The time series plot is as shown in the following diagram:

Time series can be either non-seasonal or seasonal.

Non-seasonal time series

Non-seasonal time series tend to have a trend component and...