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Natural Language Processing with TensorFlow

You're reading from   Natural Language Processing with TensorFlow Teach language to machines using Python's deep learning library

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Product type Paperback
Published in May 2018
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781788478311
Length 472 pages
Edition 1st Edition
Languages
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Authors (2):
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Thushan Ganegedara Thushan Ganegedara
Author Profile Icon Thushan Ganegedara
Thushan Ganegedara
Motaz Saad Motaz Saad
Author Profile Icon Motaz Saad
Motaz Saad
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Toc

Table of Contents (14) Chapters Close

Preface 1. Introduction to Natural Language Processing FREE CHAPTER 2. Understanding TensorFlow 3. Word2vec – Learning Word Embeddings 4. Advanced Word2vec 5. Sentence Classification with Convolutional Neural Networks 6. Recurrent Neural Networks 7. Long Short-Term Memory Networks 8. Applications of LSTM – Generating Text 9. Applications of LSTM – Image Caption Generation 10. Sequence-to-Sequence Learning – Neural Machine Translation 11. Current Trends and the Future of Natural Language Processing A. Mathematical Foundations and Advanced TensorFlow Index

Attention


Attention is one of the key breakthroughs in machine translation that gave rise to better working NMT systems. Attention allows the decoder to access the full state history of the encoder, leading to creating a richer representation of the source sentence, at the time of translation. Before delving into the details of an attention mechanism, let's understand one of the crucial bottlenecks in our current NMT system and the benefit of attention in dealing with it.

Breaking the context vector bottleneck

As you have probably already guessed, the bottleneck is the context vector, or thought vector, that resides between the encoder and the decoder (see Figure 10.15):

Figure 10.16: The encoder-decoder architecture

To understand why this is a bottleneck, let's imagine translating the following English sentence:

I went to the flower market to buy some flowers

This translates to the following:

Ich ging zum Blumenmarkt, um Blumen zu kaufen

If we are to compress this into a fixed length vector...

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