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Mastering Spring Boot 2.0
Mastering Spring Boot 2.0

Mastering Spring Boot 2.0: Build modern, cloud-native, and distributed systems using Spring Boot

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Mastering Spring Boot 2.0

Customizing Auto-Configuration in Spring Boot Application

Spring Boot gives us a free hand when it comes to overriding auto-configurations in each module. It doesn't force us to use default configurations. It is very opinionated about the configurations. In this chapter, we will explore how to override auto-configurations using properties and YML files.

Some days ago, one of my friends purchased a car. You know that car companies also provide full control of exterior decoration to make it look like a sports car. You could change the color combination, headlights, wheels, door LEDs, and so on. The car can be changed according to your precise specifications.

But on the other hand, most models of car can't be overridden. You have to purchase them with auto-configuration. Some car companies offer a form of auto-configuration so, you don't have to explicitly specify...

Understanding auto-configuration

Spring Boot auto-configuration provides automatic configuration to your Spring application based on the modules and associated library dependencies of those modules that you have added. For instance, if you have added the embedded in-memory database H2 in your classpath, you are not required to manually configure any bean related to the database such as DataSource, JdbcTemplate, and so on. Spring Boot provides your H2 database with auto-configuration after adding dependency on the H2 database in your application's classpath.

Spring Boot provides the magic of autoconfiguration by extensive use of pre-written @Configuration classes for each module of Spring Framework. But these auto-configurations are activated based on:

  • The contents of the classpath of your Spring application
  • Properties you have set in the application
  • Beans already defined...

Customizing Spring Boot

Spring Boot offers you full control over auto-configuration. You can control what Spring Boot does. There are several options for customizing Spring Boot configuration. They are as follows:

  • You can customize by setting some of Spring Boot's properties in the properties or YAML files
  • Also, you can define certain beans yourself so Spring Boot won't use the default
  • You can disable some autoconfiguration explicitly
  • Change dependencies

Let's see these four points in detail, and how to use them to customize Spring Boot auto-configuration in your Spring application.

Customizing using Spring Boot properties

Spring Boot allows you to customize your application configurations and you can use...

Externalizing configuration with properties

Spring Boot offers you more than 1,000 properties for fine-tuning. Spring Boot documentation (https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.2.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#common-application-properties) gives an exhaustive list of these properties. You can use these properties to adjust the settings of your Spring application. You can specify these properties via environment variables, Java system properties, JNDI, command line arguments, or property files. But Spring Boot has an order of overriding these properties in case you define same properties on all of them. Let's see the order of evaluation of the properties in the next section.

Order of evaluation for overridden properties

...

Externally configuring application properties

Spring Boot allows you to create your own customized configuration of application properties with beans. You can register these beans as properties with Spring Boot by using the @ConfigurationProperties annotation, and after this, you can set these properties by using either the application.properties or application.yml file.

Spring Boot provides alternative ways of working with properties that allow you to strongly type safe beans and validate the configuration of your application. Let's see the use of the @ConfigurationProperties annotation for a dedicated container bean:

  • This @ConfigurationProperties annotation will hold the externalized properties
  • It avoids repeating the prefix
  • Data members automatically set from corresponding properties

Let's see the following example:

 @Component 
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix=...

Fine-tuning with logging

Logging is very important in each application to debug and analyze the application's bugs during runtime. If you are working with the old-fashioned Spring Framework, then you have to configure the logging framework explicitly in your application. But Spring Boot provides support for several logging frameworks and also allows you to customize and fine-tune logging in to your Spring application. Spring Boot includes, by default:

  • SLF4J: Logging facade
  • Logback: SLF4J implementation

But as a best practice, stick to default logging in your application and use the SLF4J abstraction in the application code. Spring Boot also supports other logging frameworks such as Java Util Logging, Log4J, and Log4J2. You can use another logging frameworks by just adding a dependency, as follows:

<dependency> 
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId...

Using YAML for configuration

In a Spring Boot application, the SpringApplication class automatically supports YAML as an alternative to properties. YAML isn't a markup language. It is an alternative to .properties files and it allows you to define properties in the hierarchical configuration. The Java parser for YAML is called SnakeYAML. It must be in the classpath, but it is automatically added to the classpath by spring-boot-starters.

YAML for properties

Spring Boot supports YAML for properties as an alternative to properties files. YAML is convenient for hierarchical configuration data. Spring Boot properties are organized in groups, for example, server, database, and so on.

Let's see the following properties...

Customizing application error pages

Every application has a chance of encountering an error, even if it is an extremely robust application. So, designing custom error pages is important for any enterprise application. Spring Boot applications provide a default error page. You can see one in the following screenshot:

But if you want to use a custom error page for a given status code, you can add a file to the /error folder. You can create a custom error page by using static HTML, FreeMarker, Velocity, Thymeleaf, JSP, and so on. The name of the file should be the exact status code or a series mask.

Let's see the following image to map 404 to a static HTML file; your folder structure would be as follows:

As you can see, I have added a custom 404 error page (static error page 404.html) under the /resource/public/error directory; see the following output from the error page...

Understanding auto-configuration


Spring Boot auto-configuration provides automatic configuration to your Spring application based on the modules and associated library dependencies of those modules that you have added. For instance, if you have added the embedded in-memory database H2 in your classpath, you are not required to manually configure any bean related to the database such as DataSource, JdbcTemplate, and so on. Spring Boot provides your H2 database with auto-configuration after adding dependency on the H2 database in your application's classpath.

Spring Boot provides the magic of autoconfiguration by extensive use of pre-written @Configuration classes for each module of Spring Framework. But these auto-configurations are activated based on:

  • The contents of the classpath of your Spring application
  • Properties you have set in the application
  • Beans already defined in your application

The @Profile annotation of Spring Framework is an example of conditional configuration. Spring Boot takes...

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Key benefits

  • Build and deploy your microservices architecture in the cloud
  • Build event-driven resilient systems using Hystrix and Turbine
  • Explore API management tools such as KONG and API documentation tools such as Swagger

Description

Spring is one of the best frameworks on the market for developing web, enterprise, and cloud ready software. Spring Boot simplifies the building of complex software dramatically by reducing the amount of boilerplate code, and by providing production-ready features and a simple deployment model. This book will address the challenges related to power that come with Spring Boot's great configurability and flexibility. You will understand how Spring Boot configuration works under the hood, how to overwrite default configurations, and how to use advanced techniques to prepare Spring Boot applications to work in production. This book will also introduce readers to a relatively new topic in the Spring ecosystem – cloud native patterns, reactive programming, and applications. Get up to speed with microservices with Spring Boot and Spring Cloud. Each chapter aims to solve a specific problem or teach you a useful skillset. By the end of this book, you will be proficient in building and deploying your Spring Boot application.

Who is this book for?

The book is targeted at experienced Spring and Java developers who have a basic knowledge of working with Spring Boot. The reader should be familiar with Spring Boot basics, and aware of its benefits over traditional Spring Framework-based applications.

What you will learn

  • • Build logically structured and highly maintainable Spring Boot applications
  • • Configure RESTful microservices using Spring Boot
  • • Make the application production and operation-friendly with Spring Actuator
  • • Build modern, high-performance distributed applications using cloud patterns
  • • Manage and deploy your Spring Boot application to the cloud (AWS)
  • • Monitor distributed applications using log aggregation and ELK
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Table of Contents

16 Chapters
Getting Started with Spring Boot 2.0 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Customizing Auto-Configuration in Spring Boot Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Getting Started with Spring CLI and Actuator Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Getting Started with Spring Cloud and Configuration Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Spring Cloud Netflix and Service Discovery Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building Spring Boot RESTful Microservice Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Creating API Gateway with Netflix Zuul Proxy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Simplify HTTP API with Feign Client Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building Event-Driven and Asynchronous Reactive Systems Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building Resilient Systems Using Hystrix and Turbine Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Testing Spring Boot Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Containerizing Microservice Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
API Management Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deploying in Cloud (AWS) Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Production Ready Service Monitoring and Best Practices Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.2
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DEG Aug 23, 2018
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It is a newly released book that I study Spring boot and get overall practical knowledge by just reading it. It provides lots of theory and updated code and pictures for the demo. Dinesh is a Spring certified software engineer/architect. His book is based on the Spring official document. Hence the content is very reliable. Highly recommend.
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Mithilesh Sep 05, 2018
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Good book on spring boot.
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Sourav Aug 25, 2018
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This is one of those books to that I thoroughly enjoyed reading as a techie . Got realistic examples and explained in easy terms . Good job by the author.Beginners to intermediate will like this book
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Charan Kumar Mannem Aug 19, 2019
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Good
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Rahul Pyasi Jul 08, 2018
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i m going through book , it is very nicely written and extremely helpful .i understood boot basics in 3 hrs. best part is spring cloud explanation with sample code and easily understandable language .
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