Answers

Here are the answers to the questions given above:

1. One possible solution is to use git bundle on the remote host, and send the generated file via resumable transport such as HTTPS, rsync, or BitTorrent, or simply transport it via removable media such as a USB stick.
2. In the centralized workflow, you need to push to said central canonical repository, which might require merging changes from others first; in the integration manager workflow, you need to either push to your public repository and send some kind of pull request (for example, with git request-pull and email) against the canonical repository, or send patches by email to the maintainer.
3. You can set up a credential helper appropriate for the operating system and desktop environment used; for SSH transport, you can also use ssh-agent or the equivalent.
4. With appropriate tools, you can either use Git to work as a client for a foreign version control system (for example, git svn) or use a remote transport...