Chapter 7

1. Why will reading from std::cin first flush std::cout?
   Because they are tied by default—std::cin.tie(&std::cout);
2. What is the difference between a unit-buffered, a line-buffered, a fully-buffered, and an unbuffered stream?
   A unit-buffered stream will flush after each >>, a line-buffered stream after each \n, a fully-buffered stream when the internal buffers are full, and unbuffered ones after each write.
3. Why is std::iostream slower than std::filebuf and fprintf() slower that puts()?
   Because iostream will perform newline translation and locale-based conversions that filebuf doesn't have to. fprintf() must scan the format string in runtime; puts() doesn't have a format string.
   By the way, it is possible to scan a format string in compile time in C++ using template metaprogramming tricks!
4. Why does Linux kill processes simply if it feels like it...