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Hands-On Ensemble Learning with Python

You're reading from   Hands-On Ensemble Learning with Python Build highly optimized ensemble machine learning models using scikit-learn and Keras

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Product type Paperback
Published in Jul 2019
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781789612851
Length 298 pages
Edition 1st Edition
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Authors (2):
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Konstantinos G. Margaritis Konstantinos G. Margaritis
Author Profile Icon Konstantinos G. Margaritis
Konstantinos G. Margaritis
George Kyriakides George Kyriakides
Author Profile Icon George Kyriakides
George Kyriakides
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Table of Contents (20) Chapters Close

Preface 1. Section 1: Introduction and Required Software Tools
2. A Machine Learning Refresher FREE CHAPTER 3. Getting Started with Ensemble Learning 4. Section 2: Non-Generative Methods
5. Voting 6. Stacking 7. Section 3: Generative Methods
8. Bagging 9. Boosting 10. Random Forests 11. Section 4: Clustering
12. Clustering 13. Section 5: Real World Applications
14. Classifying Fraudulent Transactions 15. Predicting Bitcoin Prices 16. Evaluating Sentiment on Twitter 17. Recommending Movies with Keras 18. Clustering World Happiness 19. Another Book You May Enjoy

Exploratory analysis

One important characteristic of the dataset is that there are no missing values, as it is indicated by the count statistic. All features have the same number of values. Another important aspect is that most features are normalized. This is due to the PCA applied to the data. PCA normalizes the data before decomposing it into principal components. The only two features not normalized are the Time and Amount features. The following histogram for each feature is depicted:

Histograms for the dataset's features

It is interesting to examine more closely the Time and Amount of each transaction. In the Time histogram, we notice a sudden drop in transaction frequency between 75,000 and 125,000 seconds after the first transaction (around 13 hours). This is probably due to daily time cycles (for example, during the night, when most stores are closed). The histogram...

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