Introduction

One of the most important goals of artificial intelligence (AI) is to understand the human language to perform tasks. Spellcheck, sentiment analysis, question answering, chat bots, and virtual assistants (such as Siri and Google Assistant) all have a natural language processing (NLP) module. The NLP module enables virtual assistants to process human language and perform actions based on it. For example, when we say, "OK Google, set an alarm for 7 A.M.", the speech is first converted to text and then this text is processed by the NLP module. After this processing, the virtual assistant calls the appropriate API of the Alarm/Clock application. Processing human language has its own set of challenges because it is ambiguous, with words meaning different things depending on the context in which they are used. This is the biggest pain point of language for AI.

Another big reason is the unavailability of complete information. We tend to leave out most of the information while...