Introduction

So far, we have learned the basics of how to work with the filesystem with the shell. We also looked at some shell mechanisms such as wildcards and completion that simplify life in the command line. In this chapter, we will examine the building blocks that are used to perform data-processing tasks on the shell.

The Unix approach is to favor small, single-purpose utilities with very well-defined interfaces. Redirection and pipes let us connect these small commands and files together so that we can compose them like the elements of an electronic circuit to perform complex tasks. This concept of joining together small units into a more complex mechanism is a very powerful technique.

Most data that we typically work with is textual in nature, so we will study the most useful text-oriented commands in this chapter, along with various practical examples of their usage.